Background: Investigation was designed to evaluate the behavioral changes in children receiving\r\ndental treatment while they have been administered combination of Midazolam/Ketamine or\r\nMidazolam/Promethazine.\r\nMaterials and Methods: This was a randomized double blind clinical trial with cases being selected\r\nfrom those uncooperative children aged 2 to 6 years from those referred for treatment under\r\ngeneral anesthesia. Anxiety score of all cases were recorded before any attempt using Frankel�s\r\nanxiety scoring system with those in negative category being included. Cases with at least a pair of\r\nsimilar size cavities on similar teeth were selected with each tooth being randomly allocated for one\r\nsedative regimen group. To avoid sequence effect, half of the patients received one regimen at the\r\nfirst visit while the other half received the other regimen as the first. Each case served as control\r\nfor him or herself to reduce influencing factors. Child�s reaction was recorded before, during, and\r\nat the end of dental procedure. SO2 as well as Pulse rate were recorded as the most critical vital\r\nsigns. Collected data were then analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and paired t-test.\r\nResults: Patients� mean age was 3.5 years with 43% being male. Only 10% of the Ketamine/Midazolam\r\ngroup showed considerable amount of change in their behavior with a statistical significant difference\r\nbeing presented (P=0.029).\r\nConclusion: Under the current circumstances, Ketamine/Midazolam combination provided\r\nsufficient sedative effect in lower doses. However, Midazolam/Promethazine combination did not\r\nproduce similar results.
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